Former chief executive of crypto currency exchange FTX Sam Bankman-Fried. Photo: AFP / SAUL LOEB
US prosecutors have accused the founder and former chief executive of crypto currency exchange FTX of fraud and violating campaign finance laws by misappropriating his customers' funds.
US Attorney Damian Williams in New York said Sam Bankman-Fried made illegal campaign contributions to Democrats and Republicans with "stolen customer money", saying it was part of one of the "biggest financial frauds in American history".
"While this is our first public announcement, it will not be our last," he said, adding Bankman-Fried "made tens of millions of dollars in campaign contributions".
Williams declined to say whether prosecutors would bring any charges against other FTX executives, emphasising that the investigation was ongoing. He also declined to say whether any FTX insiders were cooperating with the investigation.
Bankman-Fried made a court appearance in the Bahamas, where he was arrested on Monday and where FTX was based.
The 30-year-old seemed relaxed in a blue shirt when he arrived at the heavily guarded Bahamas court. It was his first in-person public appearance since the cryptocurrency exchange's collapse.
He told the court he could fight extradition to the United States.
Damian Williams, US attorney for the Southern District of New York, announces the indictment of Samuel Bankman-Fried on December 13. Photo: Getty Images via AFP / STEPHANIE KEITH
A lawyer for Bankman-Fried requested his client be released on US$250,000 bail. Bahamian prosecutors have asked Bankman-Fried be denied bail if he fights extradition.
Bankman-Fried was reviewing the charges with his legal team and considering all of his legal options, his lawyer, Mark S. Cohen, said in an earlier statement.
FTX's current chief executive John Ray told congressional lawmakers FTX lost U$8 billion of client money, saying the company showed "absolute concentration of control in the hands of a small group of grossly inexperienced, nonsophisticated individuals".
In the unsealed indictment, US prosecutors said Bankman-Fried had engaged in a scheme to defraud FTX's customers by misappropriating their deposits to pay for expenses and debts and to make investments on behalf of his crypto hedge fund, Alameda Research LLC.
He also defrauded lenders to Alameda by providing false and misleading information about the hedge fund's condition, and sought to disguise the money he had earned from committing wire fraud, prosecutors said.
Both the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) alleged Bankman-Fried committed fraud in lawsuits filed on Tuesday.
The CFTC sued Bankman-Fried, Alameda and FTX on Tuesday, alleging fraud involving digital commodity assets.
Since at least May 2019, FTX raised more than U$1.8b from equity investors in a years-long "brazen, multi-year scheme" in which Bankman-Fried concealed FTX was diverting customer funds to Alameda Research, the SEC alleged.
Bankman-Fried has apologised to customers and acknowledged oversight failings at FTX, but said he does not personally think he has any criminal liability.
Bankman-Fried founded FTX in 2019 and rode a cryptocurrency boom to build it into one of the world's largest exchanges of the digital tokens. Forbes pegged his net worth a year ago at US$26.5b, and he became a substantial donor to US political campaigns, media outlets and other causes.
A crypto exchange was a platform on which investors can trade digital tokens such as bitcoin.
As legal challenges mount, the US Congress was also looking at crafting legislation to rein in a loosely-regulated industry.
FTX has shared findings with the SEC and US prosecutors, and was investigating whether Bankman-Fried's parents were involved in the operation.
FTX's collapse was one of a series of bankruptcies in the crypto industry this year as digital asset markets tumbled from 2021 peaks.
Crypto investors lost billions
FTX filed for bankruptcy on 11 November, leaving an estimated 1 million customers and other investors facing losses in the billions of dollars. The collapse reverberated across the crypto world and sent bitcoin and other digital assets plummeting.
"The crypto sector must see the demise of FTX as a wake-up call," founder of crypto platform Currency.com Viktor Prokopenya said.
Bankman-Fried was an unconventional figure who sported wild hair, t-shirts and shorts on panel appearances with statesmen like former US President Bill Clinton. He became one of the largest Democratic donors, contributing $5.2m to President Joe Biden's 2020 campaign.
Police in the Bahamas said he was arrested on Monday at his gated community in the capital, Nassau. Damian Williams, US attorney in New York, said the arrest came at the request of the US government.
The attorney general's office of the Bahamas said it expected Bankman-Fried to be extradited to the United States.
Bankman-Fried resigned as FTX's chief executive the same day as the bankruptcy filing. FTX's liquidity crunch came after he secretly used $10b in customer funds to support his proprietary trading firm Alameda, Reuters has reported. At least $1b in customer funds had vanished.
- Reuters
