A new report from the Chief Science Advisor's Office wants the government to focus on very young children and their families, to reduce rates of youth crime. In the second report in a series about New Zealand's prison population the focus has shifted to children and steering them away from the prison pipe-line. It says early identification and intervention is key, and is cost effective. Kathryn speaks with Associate Professor Joe Boden, the Deputy Director of the Christchurch Health and Development Study, at the Department of Psychological Medicine, Otago University in Christchurch.