New research has found there has been a significant drop in the number of parents smacking their children.
The University of Otago study, published in the Medical Journal, used data collected as part of the 40-year Christchurch Health and Development Survey.
It asked participants who were parents how they disciplined their children - and tracked how that changed over a 15-year period between 2002 and 2017.
Social issues reporter Sarah Robson spoke to one of the researchers, Geraldine McLeod.